پاورپوینت تاریخچه x-Ray (pptx) 64 اسلاید

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نوع فایل : PowerPoint (.pptx) ( قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت )

تعداد اسلاید: 64 اسلاید

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بنام خدا تاریخچه x-Ray در 1895 رونتگن به جای اشعه کاتدی اشعه x تولید کرد( نوبل 1901) 1896 Thomson نشان داد که پرتوهای کاتدی دراتی با بار منفی و جرم 1/1800 برابر جرم اتم دارد و توسط شیشه جذب می شوند. 1905 Barkla وابستگی اشعه x به فلز را نشان داد( نوبل 1917) 1900 رونتگن- سامرفلد و دبای به همراهGroth یک گروه تحقیقاتی تشکیل دادند 1909 love و Ewald که شاگردان ماکس پلانک و سامرفلد بودند که نتایج بررسی پراش بلور را بدست اوردند نتایج آنها در 1912 منتشر و در 1914 نوبل گرفتند 1913 اوالد کره کریستالوگرافی ارائه داد در همین سال Bragg که پدر و پسر بودند که ارتباط بین شدت و انرژی را بدست اوردند و در 1915 نوبل گرفتند Diffraction Basics: What You Really Need To Know! Published in The New Yorker December 28, 1987 Sir William Henry Bragg pioneered the determination of crystal structure by X-ray diffraction methods (1915) Clinton J. Davisson (with George P. Thomson) discovered that electrons can be diffracted like light waves (1937) X-ray Diffraction Nobel Prizes 1901 W. C. Roentgen discovery of x-rays. 1914 M. von Laue x-ray diffraction from crystals. 1915 W. H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg crystal structure derived from x-ray diffraction. 1917 C. G. Barkla radiation of elements. 1924 K. M. G. Siegbahn x-ray spectroscopy. 1927 A. H. Compton scattering of x-rays by electrons. 1936 P. Debye diffraction of x-rays and electrons in gases. 1937 C.J. Davisson and G.P. Thomson diffraction of x-rays by electrons. 1954 L. Pauling the chemical bond and structures of complex substances. 1962 J. Watson, M. Wilkins, F. Crick structure of DNA. 1964 D. Hodgkin structure of important biomolecules. 1976 B. Lipscomb structure of boron hydrides. 1979 A.M. Cormack and G.N. Hounsfield axial tomography. 1981 K. M. Siegbahn electron spectroscopy. 1982 A. Klug structures of nucleic acid-protein complexes. 1985 H. Hauptman, J. Karle direct methods. 1987 J. Deisenhofer, R. Huber, M. Michel structural evidence of a photosynthetic reaction center. 1988 J. Deisenhofer, R. Huber, Michel proteins. 1997 B. Brockhouse, C. Shull neutron diffraction The Process: An Overview Crystal growth (0.5 hr to ) Crystal selection and mounting (15 to 60 min.) Data collection (4 hours to 1 week) Structure solution and refinement (0.5 hr to ) Sir William Henry Bragg pioneered the determination of crystal structure by X-ray diffraction methods (1915) Clinton J. Davisson (with George P. Thomson) discovered that electrons can be diffracted like light waves (1937) Concepts of Genetics, Prentice Hall 2000. R. Franklin – X-ray data L. Pauling – Triple helix J. Watson/F. Crick – Double helix (1962) X-ray Crystallography and Protein Structures Concepts of Genetics, Prentice Hall 2000. R. Franklin – X-ray data L. Pauling – Triple helix J. Watson/F. Crick – Double helix (1962) X-ray Crystallography and Protein Structures HIV - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (1998) Crystallize an important protein involved in the HIV viral invasion process. Protein GP120 demonstrates a two lock mechanism. GP120 has an identical region found in all HIV variants. Indicated the cavity in all HIV variants were potentially susceptible to highly specific drug regimes. Concepts of Genetics, Prentice Hall 2000. R. Franklin – X-ray data L. Pauling – Triple helix J. Watson/F. Crick – Double helix (1957) X-ray Crystallography and Protein Structures EBOLA X-ray crystallographic analysis indicates Ebo-74, a protein found on the outer membrane of the Ebola virus, is similar to other structures found in HIV, SIV (HIV for monkeys) and Influenza.