پاورپوینت شیمی فضائی (pptx) 99 اسلاید

دسته بندی : پاورپوینت

نوع فایل : PowerPoint (.pptx) ( قابل ویرایش و آماده پرینت )

تعداد اسلاید: 99 اسلاید

قسمتی از متن PowerPoint (.pptx) :

بنام خدا فصل ششم : شیمی فضائی فصل ششمشیمی فضائی  نور قطبیده نور غیر قطبیده نور غیر قطبیده نور قطبیده The Polarimeter chemist sample cell Na lamp plane is rotated plane-polarized light observed rotation rotate to null فصل ششم : شیمی فضائی ایزومرهای ساختمانی ایزومرهای هندسی نحوه اتصال اتمها متفاوت است وضع هندسی اتمها متفاوت است 5 Stereochemistry Some objects are not the same as their mirror images (they have no plane of symmetry) A right-hand glove is different than a left-hand glove The property is commonly called “handedness” Many organic molecules (including most biochemical compounds) have handedness that results from substitution patterns on sp3 hybridized carbon PASTEUR’S DISCOVERY Louis Pasteur 1848 Sorbonne, Paris + + 2- tartaric acid sodium ammonium tartrate ( found in wine must ) Pasteur crystallized this substance on a cold day. (+) (-) Louis Pasteur separated these and gave them to Biot to measure. Biot’s results : mirror images Crystals of Sodium Ammonium Tartrate hemihedral faces Pasteur found two different crystals. Enantiomers W C X Z Y W C X Y Z non-superimposable mirror images Pasteur decided that the molecules that made the crystals, just as the crystals themselves, must be mirror images. Each crystal must contain a single type of enantiomer. (also called optical isomers) no symmetry CHIRAL An object without symmetry is The mirror image of a chiral object is different and will not superimpose on the original object. OBJECTS WHICH ARE CHIRAL HAVE A SENSE OF “HANDEDNESS” AND EXIST IN TWO FORMS