پاورپوینت داروهاي آرامبخش-خواب آور (pptx) 44 اسلاید
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داروهاي آرامبخش-خواب آور
2
Sedatives
Calming effect
Reduce anxiety (anxiolytic)
Situational anxiety
Pathological anxiety
Treat agitation
Decrease activity
Mild suppression of arousal and behavior
Hypnotics
Calm the CNS to the point that they cause sleep
Drowsiness production
Sleep induction
Encourage the onset and maintenance of a state of sleep that as far as possible resembles the natural sleep state.
Dose dependency
A sedative can become a hypnotic if it is given in large enough doses
Normal
Relief from Anxiety
_________ _________________
SEDATION
(Drowsiness/decrease reaction time)
HYPNOSIS
Confusion, Delirium, Ataxia
Surgical Anesthesia
Depression of respiratory and vasomotor center in the brainstem
COMA
DEATH
CNS Depression
Sedation
Hypnosis
General Anesthesia
Poisoning
Death
6
Characteristics of an “Ideal” Hypnotic
Rapid absorption
No active metabolites
Optimal half-life
Rapid sleep induction
Physiological sleep pattern
Mechanism other than general CNS depression
Sleep maintenance
Improved Daytime Function
No respiratory depression
No tolerance
No physical dependence
No rebound insomnia
No effect on memory
Ideal Hypnotic
Pharmacokinetic Properties
Pharmacodynamic Effect
Side Effect
7
Sedative – Hypnotic Drugs
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS
Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Miscellaneous agents
Short Ultra-short
action action
Intermediate Short Buspiron
Long Long Zaleplon
action action Zolpidem
8
bENZODIAZEPINES
9