پاورپوینت کامل و جامع با عنوان فرآیند تخمیر و تخمیر صنعتی در 106 اسلاید (pptx) 106 اسلاید

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تعداد اسلاید: 106 اسلاید

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم مقدمه تعریف تخمیر = Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. Fermentation history The origins of microbiology can be traced back to the invention of the compound microscope in the late 1500s. In 1675 the Dutch merchant Anton van Leeuwenhoek, the greatest of the early microscopists, saw and reported one-celled organisms, which he called "animacules." (Today they are called "protozoa.") In the late 1700s Lavoisier showed that in the process of transforming sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide (as in wine). In 1857 Pasteur showed that lactic acid fermentation is caused by living organisms. In 1860 he demonstrated that bacteria cause souring in milk, a process formerly thought to be merely a chemical change, and his work in identifying the role of microorganisms in food spoilage led to the process of pasteurization. In 1877, working to improve the French brewing industry, Pasteur published his famous paper on fermentation, Etudes sur la Biere , which was translated into English in 1879 as Studies on Fermentation . In 1880 to Pasteur's general germ theory of infectious disease , which postulated for the first time that each such disease was caused by a specific microorganism. Koch also made the very significant discovery of a method for isolating microorganisms in pure culture. The term "microbiology" was first used in English in 1885, long after Pasteur's major discoveries. During World War I (1914), fermentation processes were developed that produced acetone from starch and paint solvents for the rapidly growing automobile industry. The advent of World War II ) 1942) brought the manufacture of penicillin. Development of fermentation process . The discovery of the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in living organisms greatly changed the nature of biotechnology in the second half of the twentieth century. The process of DNA alteration is known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering often involves combining the DNA from two different organisms, a technique referred to as recombinant DNA research. Continuous fermentation انواع فرايند هاي تخميري فرايند هاي توليد توده زيستي مخمر نانوايي و پروتئين تك ياخته اي آ نزيم هاي ميكروبي شرايط توليد به بحث و بررسي گذاشته خواهد شد متابوليت هاي ميكروبي (متابوليت هاي اوليه ‘ متابوليت هاي ثانويه) محصولات نوتركيب مانند انسولين ‘ اينترفرون ‘ آلبومين سرم انساني و.... فرايند هاي دگرگون سازي توسط ميكروارگانيسم ها مانند توليد سركه بخشي از كار تخمير صنعتي: ( بدنبال چه چيز هستيم؟) جدا سازي سويه هاي جديد ميكروبي براي توليد يك فراورده ي ميكروبي ايجاد تغييرات در ميكروب براي افزايش كار آيي بررسي شرايط مناسب براي توليد يك فراورده ي ميكروبي